Petra During the iron age, approximately 1200 BC, the area was inhabited by the Edomites, Edom is the Aramaic word for "red", who controlled the trade routes between the Arabian Peninsula and Damascus in what is today Syria. Selama umur besi, sekitar 1200 SM, daerah itu dihuni oleh orang Edom, Edom adalah kata bahasa Aram untuk "merah", yang menguasai rute perdagangan antara Jazirah Arab dan Damaskus dalam apa yang sekarang Suriah. According to the Bible, King David subdued the Edomites around 1000 BC. Menurut Alkitab, Raja Daud menaklukkan Edom sekitar 1000 SM. The Edomites continued to struggle against the Judeans and in one battle, the Judean King Amaziah "defeated ten thousand Edomites in the valley of Salt and captured Sela in battle" (2 Kings 14:25). Orang Edom terus berjuang melawan orang Yehuda dan dalam satu pertempuran, Amazia Raja Yudea "mengalahkan sepuluh ribu orang Edom di Lembah Garam dan merebut Sela dalam pertempuran" (2 Raja-raja 14:25). Sela, also meaning "rock" in Greek, is sometimes thought to be the high outcropping of Umm al-Biyara in Petra. Sela, yang juga berarti "batu" dalam bahasa Yunani, kadang-kadang dianggap sebagai outcropping tinggi Umm al-Biyara di Petra.
The Edomites lived under Assyrian, Babylonian and eventually Persian influence until the 4th Century BC when the area seems to first have attracted the attention of the Nabataeans moving slowly north with their cattle and sheep from the Arabian Peninsula. Orang Edom hidup di bawah, Babilonia dan Persia akhirnya mempengaruhi Asyur sampai abad ke-4 SM ketika lokasi tersebut tampaknya pertama telah menarik perhatian Nabataeans bergerak perlahan utara dengan ternak mereka dan domba-domba dari Semenanjung Arab. The first recorded reference to the Nabataeans is from the 1st Century BC Greek historian Diodorus who writes that the Seleucid King Antigonus, a one-eyed successor to Alexander the Great, sent his general Athenaeus to attack "the land of the Arabs who are called Nabataeans" in 312 BC. Referensi direkam pertama ke Nabataeans adalah dari SM sejarawan Yunani abad 1 Diodorus yang menulis bahwa Raja Seleukus Antigonus, seorang bermata satu untuk pengganti Alexander Agung, dikirim Athenaeus umum untuk menyerang "tanah orang Arab yang disebut Nabataeans "pada 312 SM. The Nabataeans resisted the Seleucids and by the 2nd Century BC were firmly settled in the area with Petra as their capital. Para Nabataeans menolak Dinasti Seleukus dan oleh SM Abad ke-2 yang tegas menetap di daerah dengan Petra sebagai ibukota mereka.
Petra was ideally placed where the great south-north route from Arabia to Syria, today the King's Highway in Jordan, crosses a natural fault line running east-west through interlocking ridges of Nubian sandstone and Archean granite. Petra idealnya ditempatkan di mana rute selatan-utara besar dari Arabia ke Syria, hari ini King's Highway di Yordania, melintasi garis patahan alami menjalankan timur-barat melalui saling pegunungan batu pasir Nubia dan granit Arkean. Wadi Musa flows through that fault and empties into Wadi Araba in the Great Rift Valley south of the Dead Sea. Wadi Musa mengalir melalui bahwa kesalahan dan bermuara ke Wadi Araba di Lembah Rift Besar selatan Laut Mati. For nomadic peoples and later traders, this fault line allowed access from the high desert stretching east to Mesopotamia, to the west across the Rift Valley and on to the ancient Mediterranean port and emporium of Gaza. Bagi masyarakat nomaden dan pedagang kemudian, garis patahan memungkinkan akses dari gurun tinggi yang membentang timur ke Mesopotamia, ke barat di Lembah Rift dan ke pelabuhan Mediterania kuno dan emporium di Gaza. The first trading establishment at Petra may date from as early as the 5th Century BC, but traders very likely passed through Petra as a watering-place much earlier . Pembentukan perdagangan pertama di Petra mungkin tanggal dari pada awal abad ke-5 SM, namun para pedagang sangat mungkin melewati Petra sebagai tempat-air jauh lebih awal.
Petra Even as nomads, the Nabataeans were traders, and it was trade that made Petra rich. Bahkan sebagai pengembara, para Nabataeans adalah pedagang, dan itu perdagangan yang membuat Petra kaya. Bitumen, metals and dyes went to Egypt for mummification. Bitumen, logam dan pewarna pergi ke Mesir untuk mumifikasi. Spices from Arabia, frankincense from Yemen, and silks from India and China were traded. Rempah-rempah dari Arab, kemenyan dari Yaman, dan sutra dari India dan China yang diperdagangkan. The Nabataeans half-built, half-carved a city of villas, monuments, tombs, temples, and extensive water conservation and hydraulic engineering systems heavily influenced by Egyptian, Greek, Assyrian and Roman architectural motifs. The-dibangun, setengah-setengah dipahat sebuah kota Nabataeans villa, monumen, makam, candi, dan konservasi air yang luas dan sistem rekayasa hidrolik sangat dipengaruhi oleh Mesir, Yunani, Assyria dan motif arsitektur Romawi. Petra flourished between the 1st Century BC and the 1st Century AD. Petra berkembang antara abad ke-1 SM dan abad 1 Masehi. The city expanded into a sizable urban center, uniquely blending eastern traditions and Hellenistic architectural styles, on either side of the colonnaded street in an elongated oval from the Qasr al-bint to the west to the Roman amphitheater to the east. Kota diperluas menjadi pusat kota yang cukup besar, unik pencampuran tradisi timur dan gaya arsitektur Helenistik, di kedua sisi jalan colonnaded dalam oval memanjang dari Qasr al-binti ke barat ke amfiteater Roma ke timur.
The Nabataeans prospered under Roman rule. The Nabataeans makmur di bawah kekuasaan Romawi. Soon, however, Rome began to divert the traditional trade routes west to their Red Sea ports serving Egypt. Segera, bagaimanapun, Roma mulai mengalihkan rute perdagangan tradisional barat ke pelabuhan Laut Merah mereka melayani Mesir. The Nabataean Kings recognized these shifting patterns of trade and in response moved their capital north to Bostra near the border between modern Jordan and Syria. Raja Nabataean diakui pergeseran pola-pola perdagangan dan dalam respon mereka memindahkan ibukota utara ke Bostra dekat perbatasan antara Yordania modern dan Suriah. Rome subsequently incorporated the Nabataean Kingdom into the Empire and the Emperor Trajan made Bostra the capital of his new Provincia Arabia. Roma kemudian didirikan Kerajaan Nabataean ke dalam Kerajaan dan Kaisar Trajan dibuat Bostra ibukota baru Provincia Arabia. Petra was a bishopric during the Byzantine period but was much diminished as an urban center. Petra adalah keuskupan selama periode Byzantium tapi jauh berkurang sebagai pusat perkotaan. There are two Crusader forts in Petra which testify to the sites importance to the remaining caravan routes as late as the 12th Century, but from then on the city declined. Ada dua benteng Tentara Salib di Petra yang bersaksi kepada pentingnya situs untuk rute kafilah yang tersisa hingga akhir abad ke-12, tetapi sejak itu kota menurun.
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